19. "Behold! Thou didst say to one who had received the grace of Allah and thy favor [Zaid]: 'Retain thou (in wedlock) thy wife, and fear Allah.' But thou didst hide in thy heart that which Allah was about to make manifest: thou didst fear the people, but it is more fitting that thou shouldst fear Allah. Then when Zaid had dissolved (his marriage) with her, with the necessary (formality), We joined her in marriage to thee." Why? "In order that (in future) there may be no Notes 203 difficulty to the Believers in (the matter of) marriage with the wives of their adopted sons, when the latter have dissolved with the necessary (formality) (their marriage) with them. And Allah’s command must be fulfilled." 20. Tabari, vol. 8, 3. 21. Bukhari, vol. 9, book 97, no. 7420. 22. Ibn Kathir, Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Abridged), volume 7, Darussalam, 2000, 698. 23. This is a prayer said at a time of distress. 24. Bukhari, vol. 4, book 55, no. 2741. 25. The followers of Muhammad during his lifetime are known as his Companions. The Companions fall into two groups: al-Muhajiroun, or the emigrants from Mecca, and al-Ansar (helpers), the inhabitants of Medina who took in those emigrants after the Muslims' flight (hijra) from Mecca to Medina.'The Aws and Khazraj were two Ansari tribes. 26. Bukhari, book 5, vol. 64, no. 4141. 27. Bukhari, vol. 9, book 97, no. 7500. 28. Zihar was a pre-Islamic method of divorce, whereby a man would declare that his wife was to him like the back of his mother. 29. See also Bukhari, vol. 3, book 52, no. 2661. 30. Ahmed ibn Naqib al-Misri, Reliance of the Traveller ['Umdat al-Salik]: A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law, translated by Nuh Ha Mini Keller. Amana Publications, 1999, o24.8. 31. See Sisters in Islam, "Rape, Zina, and Incest," April 6, 2000, http://www.muslimtents.com/sistersinislam/resources/sdefini.hrm. 32. See Stephen Faris, "In Nigeria, A Mother Faces Execution," www.africana.com, January 7, 2002. 33. Emerick, 213. 34. Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, Isma'il Razi A. al-Faruqi, translator, 1968. Http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/MH_LM/default.htm. 35. Karen Armstrong, Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet, (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1992), 197. 36. Ibid., 202. 37. Bukhari, vol. 7, book 77, no. 5825. Hoofdstuk 5: Een onheilsprofeet die waarschuwt voor een grote straf 1. Ibnlshaq, 115. 2. Ibid., 117. 3. Bukhari, vol. 6, book 65, no. 4770. 204 4. Ibn lshaq, 118. 5. Muslim, vol. 1, book 1, no. 406. 6. Emerick, 69. 7. Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Abridged), Darussalam, 2000. Vol. 6, 39-40. 8. Ibnlshaq, 181. 9. Ibn Ishaq, 118; later in his biography Ibn Ishaq relates another tradition that places the killing by Sa'd bin Abu Waqqas shortly after the Hijra. 10. Ibn Sa'd, vol. I, 143. 11. Ibnlshaq, 130. 12. Ibid., 146. 13. Ibid., 131. 14. Ibid., 199. 15. Ibid., 212-213. 16. Quran 22:39-40. 17. Ibnlshaq, 212-213. 18. Qur'an 2:193, Ibn Ishaq, 212-213. 19. Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir al-Tabari, The History of al-Tabari, Volume VI, Muhammad at Mecca, W. Montgomery Watt and M. V. McDonald, translators, (New York: State University of New York Press, 1988), 107. 20. Ibn Ishaq, 165. 21. Ibn Sa'd, vol. I, 237. 22. Ibn Ishaq, 165-166. 23. Ibn Ishaq, 166. The Gharaniq, according to Islamic scholar Alfred Guillaume, were '"Numidian Cranes' which fly at a great height." Muhammad meant that they were near Allah's throne, and that it was legitimate for Muslims to 152
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